UNIT-5
Pollution environment and development
Population, environment and development have very close relationship with each other. The use of natural resources increases due to population growth. The uses of land, water, etc. increases to grow food subsistence. Similarly, population growth causes the growth of poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, etc. If the growth of population goes on, the needs of human cannot be fulfilled from natural resources. The development activities like construction of road, increase in agricultural production, production of industrial materials, export of manufactured goods, etc are necessary to be operated in the country for economic development. Such development activities provide employment to people. Skill is developed in them. The level of their work increases. It results the economic development of a person, society and country. The life standard of people does not change without the developmental activities.
Development
Development activities are the pathways for the economic development of people. If development activities will take place in certain place then the people and the lifestyle of people will also develop gradually. When there will be road construction in one of the place which is the part of development then the products that are produced in that place will get market which will enhance the economic development of people. In such ways development activities enhance the economic development of the people. Development environment and have very close relationship with each other. The relationship between development and environment is stated as under:
1. Use of natural resources
The use of natural resources increases due to population growth. The uses of land, water, etc. increases to grow food subsistence. Similarly, population growth causes the growth of poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, etc. If the growth of population goes on, the needs of human cannot be fulfilled from natural resources.
2. Development and construction works
Human beings carry out various kinds of development works to fulfill their needs. Development activities should operate continuously to fulfill the needs and desires of growing population. The aspect of environment conservation cannot be abandoned while operating developmental activities.
3. Economic development
The development activities like construction of road, increase in agricultural production, production of industrial materials, export of manufactured goods, etc are necessary to be operated in the country for economic development. Such development activities provide employment to people. Skill is developed in them. The level of their work increases. It results the economic development of a person, society and country. The life standard of people does not change without the developmental activities.
4. Social and cultural activity
There are social and cultural activities in society. People protect, renovate, construct traditional rituals, religious places, temples, etc. These activities are development works related to social and cultural aspects. The protection, promotion and development of such aspects support to raise the culture of people. The relationship between the activities of development of various aspects of population and environment should be continuously adjusted and managed. The development works should fulfill the needs of present generation. Similarly, it is our duty to protect the environment which is able to fulfill the needs of future generation.
1. Use of natural resources
The use of natural resources increases due to population growth. The uses of land, water, etc. increases to grow food subsistence. Similarly, population growth causes the growth of poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, etc. If the growth of population goes on, the needs of human cannot be fulfilled from natural resources.
2. Development and construction works
Human beings carry out various kinds of development works to fulfill their needs. Development activities should operate continuously to fulfill the needs and desires of growing population. The aspect of environment conservation cannot be abandoned while operating developmental activities.
3. Economic development
The development activities like construction of road, increase in agricultural production, production of industrial materials, export of manufactured goods, etc are necessary to be operated in the country for economic development. Such development activities provide employment to people. Skill is developed in them. The level of their work increases. It results the economic development of a person, society and country. The life standard of people does not change without the developmental activities.
4. Social and cultural activity
There are social and cultural activities in society. People protect, renovate, construct traditional rituals, religious places, temples, etc. These activities are development works related to social and cultural aspects. The protection, promotion and development of such aspects support to raise the culture of people. The relationship between the activities of development of various aspects of population and environment should be continuously adjusted and managed. The development works should fulfill the needs of present generation. Similarly, it is our duty to protect the environment which is able to fulfill the needs of future generation.
Major development activities
The development activity refers to the modernization of the environment. Development is the positive and structural improvement in the state of the existing physical, human, cultural situation, etc. Development works help to bring gradual change in existing situation. Development makes progress in social, economic, cultural field, etc. it helps to fulfill the need of people and raise the standard of living. When the country is developed then the country will march to happiness and satisfaction of the people. Development activities are essential for the development of the society. Development works encourage people to utilize the resources like land, water, forest, etc. The development helps to make the people self dependent. Economic status of people will be improved. It brings change in the lifestyle of people. Thus, development works raise the standard of living.
The development activity of the environment refers to the modernization of the environment. The conservation activity of environment refers to the preservation of natural habitat with maximum utilization of the resources without making much harm. Development activities of environment always focus on the development without letting it harm. Population, environment and development have very close relationship with each other. The use of natural resources increases due to population growth. The uses of land, water, etc. increases to grow food subsistence. Similarly, population growth causes the growth of poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, etc. If the growth of population goes on, the needs of human cannot be fulfilled from natural resources. The development activities like construction of road, increase in agricultural production, production of industrial materials, export of manufactured goods, etc are necessary to be operated in the country for economic development. Such development activities provide employment to people. Skill is developed in them. The level of their work increases. It results the economic development of a person, society and country. The life standard of people does not change without the developmental activities.
The development activity of the environment refers to the modernization of the environment. The conservation activity of environment refers to the preservation of natural habitat with maximum utilization of the resources without making much harm. Development activities of environment always focus on the development without letting it harm. Population, environment and development have very close relationship with each other. The use of natural resources increases due to population growth. The uses of land, water, etc. increases to grow food subsistence. Similarly, population growth causes the growth of poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, etc. If the growth of population goes on, the needs of human cannot be fulfilled from natural resources. The development activities like construction of road, increase in agricultural production, production of industrial materials, export of manufactured goods, etc are necessary to be operated in the country for economic development. Such development activities provide employment to people. Skill is developed in them. The level of their work increases. It results the economic development of a person, society and country. The life standard of people does not change without the developmental activities.
Hence human should pay attentation to their present and future generations to mention balance in population, environment and development activities. It possible only when the people conduct development works by using their rights rationally.
Economic development of country
Development work is very important for the progress of the country. Development work is important for the country because development works like agriculture, operation of industry, production of electricity, tourism, construction of road, etc. help in promoting income generating activities. From these works economic development can be observed. Such development activities provide employment to people. Skill is developed in them. The level of their work increases. It results the economic development of a person, society and country. The life standard of people does not change without the developmental activities. Similarly transportation for goods from one place to another becomes easier. Basic goods and services are required for livelihood of people. Food, clothes, shelter, education, health services, drinking water, hygiene, fuel, entertainment, safety, etc are basic things; the first and primary goal of development is to fulfill these basic needs of people. Various development and construction works help to fulfill the basic needs. Each country has its own kind of geographical structure. It affects the development works. Development activities should be operated in different parts of the country considering the geographical situation. It helps to distribute facilities in all regions. It helps to maintain the balance of population distribution. Development activities are essential for the development of the society. Development works encourage people to utilize the resources like land, water, forest, etc. The development helps to make the people self dependent. Economic status of people will be improved. It brings change in the lifestyle of people. Thus, it will help to protect the environment if the feeling of environment conservation can be aroused in people.
Infrastructure of development:
Infrastructure of development refers to the essentials that include physical, economic and human resources aspects without which the development activities are impossible. Types of infrastructure development are as follows;
1. Human resources:
Skilled manpower needed to conduct the development works. The human resource related to different sectors such as education, health, communication, science and technology are to be developed.
2. Physical aspect:
The road, bridge, canal, drainage, building, electricity and commutation etc. can be taken under physical-infrastructure. Development works provide facilities to people. Various development and construction works help to fulfill the basic needs. Development activities are essential for the development of the society. The development helps to make the people self dependent. It brings change in the lifestyle of people.
3. Social aspect:
Development activities are essential for the development of the society. Development works encourage people to utilize the resources like land, water, forest, etc. The development helps to make the people self dependent. Economic status of people will be improved. It brings change in the lifestyle of people. Thus, it will help to protect the environment if the feeling of environment conservation can be aroused in people.
4. Economic aspect:
The development activities like construction of road, increase in agricultural production, production of industrial materials, export of manufactured goods, etc are necessary to be operated in the country for economic development. Such development activities provide employment to people. Skill is developed in them. The level of their work increases. It results the economic development of a person, society and country. The life standard of people does not change without the developmental activities.
Development activities are essential for the development of the society. Development works encourage people to utilize the resources like land, water, forest, etc. The development helps to make the people self dependent. Economic status of people will be improved. It brings change in the lifestyle of people. Thus, it will help to protect the environment if the feeling of environment conservation can be aroused in people.
4. Economic aspect:
The development activities like construction of road, increase in agricultural production, production of industrial materials, export of manufactured goods, etc are necessary to be operated in the country for economic development. Such development activities provide employment to people. Skill is developed in them. The level of their work increases. It results the economic development of a person, society and country. The life standard of people does not change without the developmental activities.
Urbanization:
The process of changing remote village areas into a place with various facilities is called urbanization. People who are living the life of misery even without basic facilities have thought for few facilities to make their life very comfortable one. So people when started getting few facilities thought for more and more because it is the nature of human to demand more and more. No human can stay satisfied. So due to the nature of human they started to carry out developmental activities for their benefit. They started making the remote places full of facilities. However in context of Nepal due to unplanned urbanization various difficulties have aroused in different places. In such way urbanization started taking place.
Unmanaged urbanization has main effects like, Lack of facilities, Unhealthy Resistance, Adverse effect on health, improper distribution of population, Social disorders, and Environmental degradation. Unmanaged urbanization is controlled by sustainable development. Sustainable development is also termed as meaningful development. Due to sustainable development of the places there have been very smooth running of life in various countries of the world. So sustainable development should be initiated in order to achieve long term development from which different generations can be benefitted.
It is very necessary and in a way compulsory to integrate the principles of sustainable development with the development activities because of the following reasons. The principles of sustainable development are as follows:
1. Conservation of ecosystem,
2. Sustainable development of society,
3. Conservation of biodiversity,
4. Control of population,
5. Development of human resource,
6. Increase in public participation,
7. Conservation of cultural heritage,
8. Limit of development under the carrying capacity of earth
Any four of them are described as follows:
Conservation of ecosystem;
The main objective of sustainable development is to protect the earth. It is to keep retaining it. Various ecosystems like water and land ecosystem should be protected to retain the earth.
Sustainable development of society:
Social development works should be operated for sustainable development. These development works should be sustainable. Life standard of people should be improved for this. Sustainable development of the society can be enhanced by providing education, health, employment, security, etc. Similarly, various communities existing in the society should be involved in environment conservation works. The altitude of respect toward all kinds of living beings in earth should be developed in people.
Conservation of biodiversity:
It is necessary to protect all living things in the earth for sustainable development. Human should learn to protect natural resources which help to protect animals. National and international programmes should be undertaken to protect them. It is essential to maintain coordination between such programmes.
Control of population:
Human survives utilizing limited means and resources existing in the earth but with the growth of population, human needs like food, habitat, facilities, etc are also increasing. The means and resources existing in the earth not are increased according to the need of people. Therefore, control and management of population is essential for sustainable development which supports to maintain balance in the environment.
Unmanaged urbanization has main effects like, Lack of facilities, Unhealthy Resistance, Adverse effect on health, improper distribution of population, Social disorders, and Environmental degradation. Unmanaged urbanization is controlled by sustainable development. Sustainable development is also termed as meaningful development. Due to sustainable development of the places there have been very smooth running of life in various countries of the world. So sustainable development should be initiated in order to achieve long term development from which different generations can be benefitted.
It is very necessary and in a way compulsory to integrate the principles of sustainable development with the development activities because of the following reasons. The principles of sustainable development are as follows:
1. Conservation of ecosystem,
2. Sustainable development of society,
3. Conservation of biodiversity,
4. Control of population,
5. Development of human resource,
6. Increase in public participation,
7. Conservation of cultural heritage,
8. Limit of development under the carrying capacity of earth
Any four of them are described as follows:
Conservation of ecosystem;
The main objective of sustainable development is to protect the earth. It is to keep retaining it. Various ecosystems like water and land ecosystem should be protected to retain the earth.
Sustainable development of society:
Social development works should be operated for sustainable development. These development works should be sustainable. Life standard of people should be improved for this. Sustainable development of the society can be enhanced by providing education, health, employment, security, etc. Similarly, various communities existing in the society should be involved in environment conservation works. The altitude of respect toward all kinds of living beings in earth should be developed in people.
Conservation of biodiversity:
It is necessary to protect all living things in the earth for sustainable development. Human should learn to protect natural resources which help to protect animals. National and international programmes should be undertaken to protect them. It is essential to maintain coordination between such programmes.
Control of population:
Human survives utilizing limited means and resources existing in the earth but with the growth of population, human needs like food, habitat, facilities, etc are also increasing. The means and resources existing in the earth not are increased according to the need of people. Therefore, control and management of population is essential for sustainable development which supports to maintain balance in the environment.
Sustainable development
Developmental activities should be in accordance with the bearing capacity of environmental sources. Natural resources in environment should not be used excessively to fulfill the needs of increased population. Excessive use of sources affects environment adversely and it will be difficult for animals to live. The concept of sustainable development has been developed to prevent these problems. Problems that arise in the process of development can be solved during the same period if the objectives of sustainable development programmes followed. It is very necessary and in a way compulsory to integrate the principles of sustainable development with the development activities because of the following reasons. The importances of sustainable development are as follows:
1. Proper use of resources
Sustainable development suggests common people that there should be minimum use of any resources as far as possible. This will definitely lead towards the proper use of natural resources.
2. Feeling of responsibility
Sustainable development changes the knowledge, skill and vision of people. It makes us feel the responsibility of utilization and conservation of natural resources. In this way the feeling of responsibility gradually increases.
3. Development of basic aspects
Sustainable development emphasizes the development of essential aspects of human life like health, education, agriculture, tourism, social improvement, etc. These aspects should be developed in integration with protection and promotion of environment.
4. Participation in development
Public participation is one of the most important principles of sustainable development. Priority should be given to public for the achievement of targets of any development work. This will increase the participation of people in development.
5. Demarcation of development activities
Limited but effective means and resources are enough to fulfill basic requirement of human beings but they begin to perform more development activities inspired by greed. The means and resources which are not renewable go on finishing by their excessive use.
6. Long term vision
Sustainable development forwards the vision of social and economic development without destroying the means and resources available on the earth. It attempts to develop the concept in all people about the preservation and retention of present works and resources for the future generations too. Therefore, sustainable development contributes to the conservation of environment by developing long term thought.
1. Proper use of resources
Sustainable development suggests common people that there should be minimum use of any resources as far as possible. This will definitely lead towards the proper use of natural resources.
2. Feeling of responsibility
Sustainable development changes the knowledge, skill and vision of people. It makes us feel the responsibility of utilization and conservation of natural resources. In this way the feeling of responsibility gradually increases.
3. Development of basic aspects
Sustainable development emphasizes the development of essential aspects of human life like health, education, agriculture, tourism, social improvement, etc. These aspects should be developed in integration with protection and promotion of environment.
4. Participation in development
Public participation is one of the most important principles of sustainable development. Priority should be given to public for the achievement of targets of any development work. This will increase the participation of people in development.
5. Demarcation of development activities
Limited but effective means and resources are enough to fulfill basic requirement of human beings but they begin to perform more development activities inspired by greed. The means and resources which are not renewable go on finishing by their excessive use.
6. Long term vision
Sustainable development forwards the vision of social and economic development without destroying the means and resources available on the earth. It attempts to develop the concept in all people about the preservation and retention of present works and resources for the future generations too. Therefore, sustainable development contributes to the conservation of environment by developing long term thought.
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